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The front-end side of the equation is the app or website with which a user directly interfaces. Integral to user experience, this portion is typically built using languages such as HTML, a markup language that defines links between pages, and CSS, which allows user-friendly styles to be applied to web pages. Other popular components include AngularJS, an open-source JavaScript that transforms static HTML into dynamic HTML, and Bootstrap, a tool suite that enables responsive sites and apps.
By contrast, the back-end portion is created through its own combination of frameworks, libraries, and languages. The latter includes the general-purpose C++ and the web dev-specific scripting language PHP. Also common is Java, which is both a language and a platform, and Python. Another critical server-end component is Node.js, which is used to execute JavaScript within a cross-platform runtime environment outside of browsers.